Nonprofit organizations play a vital role in society, focusing on a variety of causes and initiatives aimed at creating positive change. As stewards of public trust and funding, it is essential for nonprofits to maintain transparent and accurate financial records. One of the key mechanisms for ensuring financial accountability is through financial statement services, such as audits, reviews, and compilations. What is a financial review?
In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the world of financial reviews for nonprofit organizations. We will explore what financial reviews entail, their significance, and how they differ from other financial statements services like audits and compilations.
Understanding Reviews and Compilations
To comprehend financial reviews for nonprofit organizations, it is crucial to first grasp the concept of reviews and compilations in the broader context of financial statement services.
Definition and Purpose of A Review
A financial review involves an independent examination of a nonprofit organization’s financial statements by a certified public accountant (CPA). The objective is to provide limited assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatements, whether due to fraud or error. The review process typically includes analytical procedures and inquiries of management.
Definition and Purpose of A Compilation
A compilation involves the preparation of financial statements by a CPA based on information provided by the nonprofit organization’s management. Unlike reviews, compilations do not include assurance or verification of the accuracy of the financial statements.
Nonprofit Considerations for Financial Statement Review
When deciding whether to pursue a financial statement review, nonprofit organizations should carefully consider various factors:
Size and complexity of the nonprofit organization
Larger and more complex nonprofits may opt for financial reviews due to heightened public scrutiny and the need to provide stakeholders with a higher level of assurance regarding financial integrity.
External stakeholder requirements and expectations
Donors, grantors, and regulatory bodies may have specific requirements regarding financial reporting. A financial review can help meet these expectations and build trust among stakeholders.
Internal management needs and objectives
Nonprofits seeking to strengthen their internal financial controls or gain insights into financial performance may choose a review to uncover potential areas for improvement.
Nonprofit Audits vs. Reviews: A Comparison
While financial reviews are a valuable tool, it is essential to understand how they differ from audits:
Definition and Purpose of An Audit
An audit is the most comprehensive form of financial statement service. It involves thoroughly examining the financial records, internal controls, and compliance with accounting standards. The goal is to provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatements.
Key differences between audits and reviews
- Level of assurance: Audits provide a higher level of assurance compared to reviews. Audits are more extensive, involving detailed testing and examination of financial records.
- Cost and resources: Audits tend to be more resource-intensive and expensive compared to reviews due to the higher level of work involved.
Nonprofit Audit vs. Financial Statement Review: Making the Right Choice
When deciding between an audit and a financial review, nonprofit organizations should consider the following factors:
- Legal and regulatory requirements – Some jurisdictions or specific funding agreements may mandate audits for certain nonprofits based on their size or annual revenue.
- Funder or grant requirements – Grantors and funders may specify the type of financial statement service required. Understanding these requirements is crucial to ensure compliance and eligibility for funding.
- Donor expectations and transparency – Transparency and accountability are paramount for nonprofits. Depending on donor expectations, an audit or a financial review may be necessary to instill confidence and showcase financial stewardship.
Other Financial Statement Services for Nonprofits
In addition to audits and reviews, there are two other financial statement services worth mentioning:
Compilation and preparation engagements
- Compilation: A compilation involves the CPA preparing financial statements based on information provided by the nonprofit organization’s management. However, unlike reviews or audits, compilations do not involve any assurance or verification procedures. They are primarily focused on organizing financial information into a structured format.
- Preparation: Preparation engagements are even less involved than compilations. Here, the CPA assists the nonprofit in creating financial statements but does not provide any assurance or perform any substantive procedures. This service is often used when the organization requires assistance in presenting their financial information but does not need the level of assurance provided by a review or audit.
Comparison of compilation, review, and preparation services
While all three services involve the preparation of financial statements, they differ in terms of the level of assurance provided and the extent of procedures performed:
- Compilation: Compilations offer no assurance but provide a basic level of organization and presentation of financial information. They are suitable for internal purposes or when stakeholders do not require assurance on the financial statements.
- Review: Reviews provide limited assurance and involve analytical procedures and inquiries of management. They offer a higher level of credibility compared to compilations and are often chosen by nonprofits aiming to meet stakeholder expectations.
- Preparation: Preparation services do not provide any assurance and are primarily focused on assisting the nonprofit in preparing financial statements. They are the least formal of the three services and are typically used for internal purposes or when minimal external reporting is required.
Final Thoughts
So, what is a financial review? It’s an essential tool for nonprofit organizations to ensure financial accountability, transparency, and stakeholder confidence. While audits provide the highest level of assurance, financial reviews offer a more cost-effective option for nonprofits that need credible financial statements but may need more resources or regulatory requirements for a full audit.
By considering factors such as organizational size, stakeholder expectations, and legal requirements, nonprofit organizations can make informed decisions about the type of financial statement service that best meets their needs. Whether opting for a review, compilation, or another service, nonprofits should prioritize financial integrity and accountability to maintain trust and further their mission of making a positive impact in the community.
If you’re a nonprofit organization in need of expert financial guidance and support, don’t hesitate to take action today. Contact JFW Accounting Services for our outsourced CFO services. Our team of experienced CPAs and financial professionals is ready to partner with you on your journey toward financial excellence.
Take the next step and reach out to us at JFW Accounting Services. Schedule a consultation and let us help you navigate the complexities of financial management, strategic planning, and compliance.
Together, we can empower your nonprofit organization to achieve financial success, make a greater impact in your community, and secure a sustainable future. Don’t wait – contact us now and let JFW Accounting Services be your trusted financial partner.
Jo-Anne Williams Barnes, is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and Chartered Global Management Accountant (CGMA) holding a Master’s of Science in Accounting (MSA) and a Master’s in Business Administration (MBA). Additionally, she holds a Bachelor of Science (BS) in Accounting from the University of Baltimore and is a seasoned accounting professional with several years of experience in the field of managing financial records for non-profits, small, medium, and large businesses. Jo-Anne is a certified Sage Intacct Accounting and Implementation Specialist, a certified QuickBooks ProAdvisor, an AICPA Not-for-Profit Certificate II holder, and Standard for Excellence Licensed Consultant. Additionally, Jo-Anne is a member of American Institute of Certified Public Accountant (AICPA), Maryland Association of Certified Public Accountants (MACPA), and Greater Washington Society of Certified Public Accountants (GWSCPA) where she continues to keep abreast on the latest industry trends and changes.